麦长管蚜为害损失及动态防治指标

Yield loss caused by English grain aphid Sitobion avenae and dynamic economic thresholds

中文关键词:麦长管蚜  为害损失  防治指标  动态模型  产量

keywords:Sitobion avenae  yield loss  control threshold  dynamic model  yield

中文摘要:为明确麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae种群密度与小麦产量损失的关系并制订动态防治指标，以西农511、稷麦336和农大753三种主栽小麦品种为材料，采用人工接蚜与笼罩法将田间小麦灌浆期麦长管蚜种群密度控制为0、1 000、2 000和3 000头/百茎，系统测定千粒重损失率与产量损失率，构建小麦灌浆期麦长管蚜种群密度与损失率的回归模型，在此基础上参照行业标准分别以小麦千粒重损失率和产量损失率为标准测算发生级别为1～5级时的麦长管蚜密度，并基于经济生态学原理计算不同产量水平下麦长管蚜的经济损害水平与动态防治指标。结果表明：小麦灌浆期为麦长管蚜发生高峰期和造成损失的关键时期；小麦品种、调查时间和接蚜密度对小麦灌浆期麦长管蚜密度有极显著影响；3种小麦的千粒重损失率和产量损失率均与小麦灌浆期麦长管蚜密度呈显著正相关，模型拟合度良好；小麦灌浆期麦长管蚜密度和小麦品种均是影响小麦产量的关键因素；随着麦长管蚜发生级别增加，其密度范围显著扩宽；当预期小麦产量为4 500 kg/hm²和6 000 kg/hm²时，麦长管蚜的经济允许产量损失率分别为8.89%和6.67%；以小麦产量损失率为标准时，小麦灌浆期（为害高峰期）麦长管蚜的经济损害水平分别为1 322.9头/百茎和1 056.7头/百茎。表明所建立的麦长管蚜动态防治指标体系兼顾时效性与操作性，可为我国主要麦区蚜虫的精准监测与科学防控提供依据。

Abstract:To clarify the relationship between the population density of English grain aphid Sitobion avenae and wheat yield loss and to establish dynamic control thresholds, three main wheat cultivars(Xinong 511, Jimai 336, and Nongda 753) were used as materials. A combination of artificial aphid inoculation and cage enclosure was employed to precisely control aphid population densities at 0, 1 000, 2 000, and 3 000 aphids per 100 stems during the grain-filling stage. Thousand-kernel weight loss rate and yield loss rate were systematically measured, and regression models between population density of S. avenae during the grain-filling stage and the loss rates were constructed. According to industry standards, the densities of S. avenae corresponding to grades 1-5 were calculated using thousand-kernel weight loss rate and yield loss rate as criteria, and the economic injury level and dynamic control threshold under different wheat yield levels were calculated in accordance with economic ecological principles. The results indicated that the grain-filling stage was the peak occurrence period of S. avenae and the critical period for yield loss. Wheat cultivar, survey time, and aphid inoculation density exhibited extremely significant effects on the population density of S. avenae during the grain-filling stage; the thousand-kernel weight loss rate and yield loss rate of the three tested wheat varieties both showed significant positive correlations with the density of S. avenae during the grain-filling stage, and the regression models showed good fit. The density of S. avenae during the grain-filling stage and wheat variety were both key factors influencing wheat yield. As the occurrence grade of S. avenae increased, its density range expanded significantly. When the expected wheat yields were 4 500 kg/hm²and 6 000 kg/hm², the economically acceptable yield loss rates caused by S. avenae were 8.89% and 6.67%, respectively. Using wheat yield loss rate as the criterion, the economic injury levels of S. avenae during the wheat grain-filling stage, the peak damage period, were 1 322.9 and 1 056.7 individuals per 100 stems, respectively. These rsults indicate that the dynamic control threshold system for S. avenae established in this study balances timeliness and operability and can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for precise monitoring and scientific control of aphids in major wheat-producing regions of China.