RNA生物农药作用机制及应用前景

Mechanisms and application prospects of RNA biopesticides

中文关键词:RNA生物农药  基因沉默  递送系统  靶标设计  生态风险

keywords:RNA biopesticide  gene silencing  delivery systems  target design  ecological risk

中文摘要:基于喷雾诱导基因沉默（spray-induced gene silencing,SIGS）技术的RNA生物农药是一种新兴的绿色防控手段，因其特异性强、环境友好等优势而备受关注。该文对RNA生物农药的作用机制、递送技术、应用场景及生态风险评价等进行系统综述，重点剖析SIGS技术发挥作用的主要途径，同时，深入分析RNA生物农药在作物保护中的应用潜力，并指出其在稳定性、环境适应性及生产成本等方面面临的挑战，特别强调了纳米载体与缓释制剂在提升RNA生物农药稳定性和生物活性方面的关键作用。此外，还探讨了制约RNA生物农药产业化进程的瓶颈问题，如田间试验数据匮乏、生态风险评估体系不健全及技术转化受阻等。未来，RNA生物农药的商业化需聚焦于提高递送效率、强化靶标精准度及保障长期生态安全，以期推动其在现代农业生产中的广泛应用。

Abstract:RNA biopesticides based on spray-induced gene silencing(SIGS) represent a cutting-edge green pest management strategy, garnering significant attention owing to their high specificity and ecofriendliness. This paper systematically reviews the mechanisms of action, delivery technologies, application scenarios and ecological risk assessments of RNA biopesticides, focusing on the core pathways of SIGS technology. Furthermore, the potential of RNA biopesticides in crop protection is analyzed, highlighting existing challenges such as stability, environmental adaptability, and production costs. Notably, the role of nanocarriers and controlled-release formulations in enhancing the stability and biological activity of RNA biopesticides is emphasized. The bottlenecks in industrialization, including the paucity of field trial data, incomplete ecological risk assessment frameworks, and hurdles in technology transfer are discussed. Looking forward, the commercialization of RNA biopesticides must focus on improving delivery efficiency, enhancing target specificity, and ensuring long-term ecological safety to facilitate their widespread application in modern agriculture.