烟粉虱-双生病毒-寄主植物互作机制的研究进展

Research progress on the interaction mechanisms among tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci, geminiviruses, and host plants

中文关键词:烟粉虱  双生病毒  寄主植物  病毒传播  “推-拉”策略

keywords:Bemisia tabaci  geminivirus  host plants  virus transmission  “push-pull” strategy

中文摘要:烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci与其传播的双生病毒以及寄主植物之间构成了农业生态系统中精密且复杂的三者互作网络，这种互作关系远超出了传统的病原-媒介互作范畴，演化为一场涉及基因表达重塑、代谢网络调控及神经行为操纵的进化博弈。双生病毒依赖烟粉虱进行持久非增殖型传播，借助烟粉虱体内蛋白及内共生菌突破传播屏障，在长期的协同进化中获得了通过效应因子劫持植物茉莉酸信号通路及次生代谢途径的能力，从而间接调控烟粉虱的取食与偏向行为。最新的研究发现病毒能够直接侵入烟粉虱的神经与免疫系统，通过诱导脑部神经退行性病变、破坏嗅觉受体表达以及重塑胞内免疫稳态，实现对媒介行为的精准操纵。基于病毒通过直接与间接途径调控烟粉虱行为的双重机制研究，该文系统梳理烟粉虱-双生病毒-寄主植物三者间的互作模型，即病毒对烟粉虱的“推-拉”策略，总结基于此策略的病毒传播机制，并探讨病毒与烟粉虱的互利共生如何影响二者在全世界范围内的广泛传播与流行。

Abstract:Tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci, the geminiviruses it transmits, and host plants constitute a sophisticated and complex tripartite interaction network in agricultural ecosystems. This interplay extends far beyond the traditional pathogen-vector relationship and has evolved into an evolutionary arms race involving gene expression remodeling, metabolic network regulation, and neurobehavioral manipulation. Geminiviruses rely on B. tabaci for persistent circulative transmission and overcome transmission barriers with the aid of proteins and endosymbiotic bacteria in the insect. During long-term coevolution, geminiviruses have acquired the ability to hijack plant jasmonic acid signaling pathways and secondary metabolic pathways through effectors, thereby indirectly regulating the feeding and preference behaviors of B. tabaci. Recent studies have further revealed that viruses can directly invade the neural and immune systems of B. tabaci, including neurodegeneration in the brain, disrupting olfactory receptor expression, and remodeling intracellular immune homeostasis to achieve precise manipulation of vector behavior. Based on the dual mechanisms by which the viruses regulate B. tabaci behaviour through direct and indirect pathways, this review systematically summarizes the tripartite interaction model among B. tabaci, geminiviruses, and host plants, namely the viral ‘push-pull' strategy towards B. tabaci, summarizes the viral transmission mechanisms based on this strategy, and discusses how mutualism between geminiviruses and B. tabaci influences their widespread transmission and prevalence across the globe.