草铵膦对耐除草剂转基因玉米的安全性及对杂草的防除效果

Safety of glufosinate ammonium to transgenic herbicide-tolerant maize and its weed control effect

中文关键词:草铵膦  转基因耐除草剂玉米  安全性  杂草防效

keywords:glufosinate ammonium  herbicide-tolerant transgenic maize  safety  weed control effect

中文摘要:为指导草铵膦合理应用，于室内和田间分别测定草铵膦水剂茎叶处理对耐除草剂转基因玉米的安全性和对杂草的防除效果；同时于室内测定草铵膦土壤处理的除草活性。结果表明：200 g/L草铵膦水剂对供试玉米品种安全性好，对玉米和杂草的选择性指数大于38.7；在2022年田间高湿条件下，施用剂量为300、600、900和2 400 g (a.i.)/hm²的200 g/L草铵膦水剂21 d后，杂草总鲜重防效分别为91.0%、96.4%、100.0%和100.0%；在2023年试验前干旱、试验后多雨条件下，施用剂量为300、600、900和2 400 g (a.i.)/hm²的200 g/L草铵膦水剂21 d后，杂草总鲜重防效下降为80.6%、92.3%、93.0%和98.3%。推荐剂量600 g (a.i.)/hm²的草铵膦土壤处理对马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、牛筋草Eleusine indica、马齿苋Portulaca oleracea和饭包草Commelina benghalensis这4种杂草的除草活性很低或无活性；1 200、2 400、4 800和9 600 g (a.i.)/hm²的草铵膦土壤处理对马唐、牛筋草、马齿苋和饭包草这4种杂草有较高的除草活性。表明草铵膦对杂草的防除效果受环境条件影响较大。

Abstract:In order to guide the rational application of glufosinate ammonium, pot bioassay and field experiment were carried out to determine its safety to transgenic herbicide-tolerant maize and the weed control effect. Herbicidal activity of glufosinate ammonium applied pre-emergence also was tested in greenhouse. The results showed that 200 g/L glufosinate ammonium aqueous solution (AS) was safe to tested maize varieties, the selectivity indexes of glufosinate ammonium between transgenic herbicidetolerant maize lines and weeds were above 38.7. Under the field high humidity condition in 2022, fresh weight control efficiency 21 days after treatment with 200 g/L glufosinate ammonium AS at doses of 300, 600, 900 and 2 400 g (a.i.)/hm² were 91.0%, 96.4%, 100.0% and 100.0%, respectively. While in 2023, under the conditions of drought, the fresh weight control efficiency 21 days after treatment with 200 g/L glufosinate ammonium AS at doses of 300, 600, 900 and 2 400 g (a.i.)/hm² was decreased to 80.6%, 92.3%, 93.0% and 98.3%, respectively. Nearly no obvious inhibiting activity against the four tested weeds, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Portulaca oleracea, and Commelina benghalensis, was found at doses of 600 g/hm² of glufosinate ammonium applied pre-emergence. While 1 200, 2 400, 4 800 and 9 600 g (a.i.)/hm² showed higher inhibiting activity against the four tested weeds. In summary, different environmental conditions had an obvious impact on weed control efficiency of glufosinate ammonium.