利用明小花蝽储蓄植物系统防控设施草莓害虫棕榈蓟马

Control of melon thrips Thrips palmi on greenhouse strawberry using Orius nagaii banker plant system

中文关键词:天敌昆虫  小花蝽  蓟马  储蓄植物系统  生物防治

keywords:natural enemy insects  minute pirate bug  thrips  banker plant system  biological control

中文摘要:为探究捕食性天敌昆虫明小花蝽Orius nagaii储蓄植物系统控制设施草莓Fragaria ananassa关键害虫棕榈蓟马Thrips palmi的可行性，以蚕豆Vicia faba和蚕豆蚜Aphis fabae分别作为储蓄植物和替代猎物，以明小花蝽作为天敌昆虫构建储蓄植物系统，测定蚕豆蚜对草莓的取食适合性以确定其作为替代猎物对草莓的安全性，比较明小花蝽对替代猎物蚕豆蚜和目标害虫棕榈蓟马的取食偏好性，并通过田间试验评价明小花蝽储蓄植物系统对草莓害虫棕榈蓟马的防治效果。结果表明：蚕豆蚜取食草莓后死亡率不断增加，最长存活时间为12 d，对草莓安全；当棕榈蓟马数量大于或等于蚕豆蚜的数量时，明小花蝽偏好取食棕榈蓟马，当蚕豆蚜数量较多时，明小花蝽对这2种猎物无明显偏好性；在田间试验中，与缺少天敌储蓄植物系统和空白对照相比，35 d内明小花蝽储蓄植物系统能够显著降低棕榈蓟马种群数量，防治效果最高可达83.84%，防治效果和持效性优于直接释放明小花蝽。表明利用明小花蝽储蓄植物系统可有效防控设施草莓害虫棕榈蓟马。

Abstract:To assess the feasibility of using the Orius nagaii banker plant system for controlling melon thrips Thrips palmi, a major pest in greenhouse strawberry, a banker plant system was established incorporating Vicia faba as the banker plant, Aphis fabae as alternative prey, and O. nagaii as the natural enemy. The safety of A. fabae for strawberries was evaluated based on its fitness on strawberry plants. Feeding preferences of O. nagaii were analyzed at varying population ratios of A. fabae and T. palmi. Additionally, a field trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of the banker plant system with the direct release of O. nagaii in controlling T. palmi. Results indicated that A. fabae mortality increased continuously after feeding on strawberries, with a maximum survival time of 12 days, confirming its safety for strawberry plants. When T. palmi populations equaled or exceeded those of A. fabae, O. nagaii exhibited a preference for T. palmi. In scenarios with high A. fabae populations, no significant feeding preference was observed. Field trials showed that the O. nagaii banker plant system significantly reduced T. palmi populations within 35 days when compared to both the banker plant system without a natural enemy and the control without treatment, achieving a maximum control efficacy of 83.84%. The O. nagaii banker plant system demonstrated greater efficacy and longer persistence compared to direct release of O. nagaii. These findings highlight the potential of the O. nagaii banker plant system as an effective and sustainable strategy for managing T. palmi in greenhouse strawberry production.