湖北省主栽莲品种（系）的抗蚜性鉴定及抗蚜理化性状分析

Identification of aphid resistance and analysis of physicochemical traits of the major lotus cultivars in Hubei Province

中文关键词:莲  莲缢管蚜  抗蚜等级  理化性状  抗蚜育种

keywords:lotus  Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae  aphid resistance  physicochemical traits  breeding for aphid resistance

中文摘要:为鉴定湖北省18个主栽莲Nelumbo nucifera品种（系）的抗蚜性，解析莲叶理化性状与抗蚜性的关系，采用蚜量比值法鉴定莲品种（系）对莲缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae的抗性等级，并对莲叶超微结构、蜡质、木质素和黄酮类化合物含量与抗蚜性进行相关性分析。结果显示：18个莲品种（系）的抗蚜性可分为6个等级，其中鄂莲12号为高抗，白玉簪1号、白玉簪2号、白玉簪3号和鄂子莲1号为中抗；鄂子莲2号、鄂莲5号、太空36号、鄂莲9号和建选17号为低抗，五月早、鄂莲6号和八月粉为低感，小白胖和抱子藕-1为中感，抱子藕-4、香粉和大白胖为高感。莲叶表面乳突、气孔及叶柄刺的密度与蚜量比值之间无显著相关性；莲叶的蜡质含量、木质素含量和黄酮类化合物含量与蚜量比值之间均存在显著负相关性。表明湖北省的18个主栽莲品种（系）存在明显的抗蚜性差异，中高抗品种（系）值得进一步推广，中高感品种（系）要注意早期的蚜虫防治；莲叶蜡质、木质素和黄酮类化合物含量越高则莲品种（系）的抗蚜性越强，可作为未来莲抗蚜育种的理化性状指标。

Abstract:In order to provide reference for the breeding of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) resistant to the waterlily aphid Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, this study identified aphid resistance of 18 main lotus varieties (lines) in Hubei Province using the aphid-ratio method and conducted correlation analysis between the ultrastructure of lotus leaves and the contents of wax, lignin, and flavonoids and aphid resistance. The results showed that the aphid resistance of the 18 lotus varieties (lines) could be divided into six levels, i. e. Elian 12 being highly resistant, Baiyuzan 1, Baiyuzan 2, Baiyuzan 3, and Ezilian 1 being moderately resistant, Ezilian 2, Elian 5, Space 36, Elian 9, and Jianxuan 17 being low resistant, while Wuyuezao, Elian 6, and Bayuefen being low susceptible, Xiaobaipang and Baozi’ou-1 being moderately susceptible, and Baozi’ou-4, Xiangfen, and Dabaipang being highly susceptible. There was no significant correlation between the density of papillae, stomata, and petiole spines on the surface of lotus leaves and the aphid-ratio; and there was a significant negative correlation among the wax content, lignin content, and flavonoid content of lotus leaves and the aphid-ratio. In summary, there were significant differences in aphid resistance among the 18 lotus varieties (lines) in Hubei Province. The moderately and highly resistant varieties (lines) are worthy of further extension, while the moderately and highly susceptible varieties (lines) should be paid attention to aphid control in early developmental stages of lotus. The higher the content of wax, lignin, and flavonoids in lotus leaves, the stronger the aphid-resistance of the lotus variety (lines), and these traits can be used as chemical trait indicators for future aphid resistant breeding.