九种药剂对沙漠蝗的室内药效评价

Evaluation of indoor efficacy of nine pesticides on desert locust Schistocerca gregaria

中文关键词:沙漠蝗  化学农药  植物源农药  生物农药  室内药效

keywords:Schistocerca gregaria  chemical pesticides  plant-derived pesticides  bio-pesticides  indoor efficacy

中文摘要:为筛选针对重大农业跨境迁飞害虫沙漠蝗Schistocerca gregaria不同生长阶段的防治药剂，于室内条件下测定马拉硫磷、高效氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱和溴氰菊酯4种化学农药，印楝素和天然除虫菊酯2种植物源农药以及金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae、球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana和蝗绿僵菌Metarhizium acridum 3种生物农药对沙漠蝗3龄和5龄若虫的致死效果。结果显示：马拉硫磷、高效氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱、溴氰菊酯和天然除虫菊酯处理3龄若虫5 d后的校正死亡率均高于85.0%，LT₅₀均小于4 d；其中，马拉硫磷、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯对5龄若虫的室内致死效果显著，10 d后校正死亡率达85.0%以上，溴氰菊酯和天然除虫菊酯对5龄若虫的致死效果相较于3龄若虫显著下降，25 d后的校正死亡率分别为26.2%和13.8%；金龟子绿僵菌、球孢白僵菌和蝗绿僵菌以及植物源农药印楝素对3龄若虫的校正死亡率仅为6.7%~15.6%。表明马拉硫磷、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯是用于沙漠蝗防治的高效防控药剂，可用于沙漠蝗的应急防控。

Abstract:To identify effective control agents for different growth stages of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria, a major agricultural pest known for its cross-border migration, the lethal effects of four chemical pesticides (malathion, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin), two plant-derived pesticides (azadirachtin and natural pyrethrin) and three biological pesticides (Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and M. acridum) were evaluated against the 3rd and 5th instar nymphs under indoor conditions. The results showed that the corrected mortality rate of the 3rd instar nymphs after five days of treatment with malathion, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin and natural pyrethrin were higher than 85.0%, with LT₅₀ values of less than four days. Among these, malathion, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin demonstrated significant indoor lethality against 5th instar nymphs, with corrected mortality rate exceeding 85.0% after ten days. Compared with the 3rd instar nymphs, the lethal effects of deltamethrin and natural pyrethrin on the 5th instar nymphs were significantly lower, with corrected mortality rates of 26.2% and 13.8%, respectively, after 25 days. The corrected mortality rates for M. anisopliae, B. bassiana and M. acridum and the plant-derived pesticide azadirachtin on the 3rd instar nymphs were 6.7%-15.6%. The results indicate that malathion, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin are highly effective control agents for desert locust control, which could be used for emergency prevention and control of desert locusts.