意大利蝗雌成虫对植物的取食特性

Feeding characteristics of adult female Italian locust Calliptamus italicus on plants

中文关键词:新疆  意大利蝗  卵巢发育  食性  植物化学计量特征

keywords:Xinjiang  Calliptamus italicus  ovary development  feeding  plant stoichiometric characteristics

中文摘要:为明确自然条件下意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus雌成虫不同发育阶段的食性及其取食策略，于2021年选取新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市雅玛里克山为调查区，利用嗉囊显微分析技术观察其取食选择性，明确其不同发育阶段食性差异，并利用功能生态位分析揭示其取食策略。结果表明：自然条件下意大利蝗雌成虫可取食8科21种植物，其中在其卵巢发育阶段I~II级取食的植物种类最少，为11种；III、IV、V级时取食种类逐渐增加，其取食的植物种类分别为13、17和18种。意大利蝗雌成虫主动取食的植物种类在卵巢发育阶段III级时最多，为8种，之后随卵巢发育阶段等级的提升而减少，IV级和V级时分别为7种和6种。意大利蝗雌成虫多取食双子叶植物的菊科和藜科植物，其中对大籽蒿Artemisia sieversiana、新疆绢蒿Sarcozygium kaschgaricum和木地肤Bassiaprostrata取食较多。意大利蝗雌成虫对C、N和P的取食量均在卵巢发育IV级时其最高；且其对植物的选择指数与植物的P含量、C∶P和N∶P含量比呈显著相关性。表明意大利蝗雌成虫对植物的选择受植物P含量影响，植物的C、N含量不直接影响雌成虫对植物的选择，而植物P含量会间接影响其对植物C、N含量摄入。

Abstract:To elucidate the feeding habits of adult female Italian locust Calliptamus italicus across various developmental stages and their foraging strategies in natural settings, the Yamalik Mountain region in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, was designated as the study area in 2021. Crop microanalysis was employed to assess their feeding selectivity, delineate the differences in feeding behaviors at distinct developmental phases, and unveil their feeding strategies through functional ecological niche analysis. The results showed that, under natural conditions, female adults consumed 21 plant species from eight families. Notably, during the initial developmental phase of ovary maturation, only 11 species were recorded, with the number of species consumed gradually increasing to 13, 17, and 18 during stages III, IV, and V, respectively. The most active foraging by female adults occurred at stage III of ovarial development, with eight species, followed by a decline to seven and six species during stages IV and V, respectively. Calliptamus italicus predominantly fed on dicotyledonous plants from the Asteraceae and Chenopodiaceae families, with a particular preference for Artemisia sieversiana, Seriphidium kaschgaricum, and Bassia prostrata. The consumption of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) peaked during stage IV of ovarial development. The selection index of female adults for plants showed a significant correlation with the P content, C∶P ratio, and N∶P ratio of the plants. The results indicated that the selection of plants by female adults was influenced by the P content, while the C and N content of the plants did not directly affect the selection, and the P content of the plants indirectly influenced the intake of C and N content by adult females.