内蒙古新巴尔虎左旗草原蝗虫多样性分析

Diversity analysis of grasshoppers in the grasslands of Xinbaerhu Left Banner, Inner Mongolia

中文关键词:草原蝗虫  草地类型  羽化时间  多样性指数  相异性

keywords:grassland locust  grassland type  eclosion time  diversity index  dissimilarity

中文摘要:为明确呼伦贝尔市新巴尔虎左旗草原蝗虫分布及发生情况，采用扫网法对旗内分布的草甸草原、山地草甸、低地草甸和典型草原4种草地类型的蝗虫种类及数量进行调查，并进行群落多样性和群落相异性分析。结果显示：在新巴尔虎左旗共采集到6科20属36种5 768头草原蝗虫，其中宽须蚁蝗Myrmeleotettix palpalis、毛足棒角蝗Dasyhippus barbipes和白边痂蝗Bryodema luctuosum占比分别为15.38%、10.26%和10.21%，属于新巴尔虎左旗草原的优势种；在4种草地类型中，典型草原的蝗虫种类最多，有6科17属27种，低地草甸的蝗虫种类最少，有4科13属18种；在4种草地类型中，典型草原的蝗虫个体数最多，Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高，而Simpson优势度指数最低，Pielou均匀性指数与其他3种草地类型差异不显著；山地草甸和典型草原的蝗虫群落相异性最大，草甸草原和典型草原的相异性最小；第1羽化阶段羽化蝗虫种类最少，为5科15属20种，第2羽化阶段羽化蝗虫种类为6科18属24种，第3羽化阶段羽化蝗虫种类最多，为6科20属32种；第1羽化阶段和第2羽化阶段的蝗虫个体数均高于第3羽化阶段，建议在蝗虫羽化前2个阶段开展草原蝗虫防控工作。

Abstract:In order to clarify the distribution and occurrence of locusts and grasshoppers in the grasslands of Xinbaerhu Left Banner in Hulunbuir City, four types of grasslands were selected, including meadow grassland, mountain grassland, lowland grassland, and typical grassland. The sweeping method was used to investigate the types and quantities of locusts in the grasslands, and the least significant difference method was used to analyze their community diversity and differences. The results showed that a total of 5 768 grasshoppers belonging to six families, 20 genera, and 36 species of grassland locusts and grasshoppers were collected. Among them, Myrmeleotettix palpalis, Dasyhippus barbipes, and Bryodema luctuosum were classified as the dominant species in the grasslands of Xinbaerhu Left Banner. Of the four grassland types, the typical grassland has the highest number locust species, with 27 species belonging to 17 genera in six families. The lowland grassland has the fewest locust species, with 18 species belonging to 13 genera in four families. The number of individuals, richness index, and diversity index of typical grassland locusts were significantly higher, compared to the other three types of grasslands, while its and the dominance index was significantly lower. The uniformity index of the four types of grasslands was not significantly different. The diversity of locust communities was greatest in mountainous grasslands and typical grasslands and lowest in lowlands and typical grasslands. During the first eclosion period, 20 species emerged belonging to 15 genera in five families, while 24 species emerged in the second eclosion period, and 24 species emerged belonging to 18 genera in six families. In the third eclosion period, 32 species emerged belonging to 20 genera in six families. The number of individual locusts was higher during the first and second emergence stages than the third. It is recommended that grasshopper control efforts be carried out during the first two stages before locust emergence.