新疆北部荒漠草原黄兔尾鼠种群参数的季节比较

Seasonal fluctuations in population parameters of yellow stepped voles in the desert steppe of northern Xinjiang

中文关键词:黄兔尾鼠  种群参数  生理指标  季节差异  新疆  繁殖参数

keywords:yellow stepped vole  population parameter  physiological characteristic  seasonal difference  Xinjiang  reproductive parameter

中文摘要:为了解新疆北部荒漠草原重要害鼠黄兔尾鼠Eolagurus luteus种群参数的季节性特点，于春（4月）、夏（6月）、秋（9月）、冬（1月）四季在乌苏市巴音沟牧场采集野外种群样本，比较其在不同季节间的种群参数及生理指标。结果表明：黄兔尾鼠的种群密度和性比存在明显的季节差异，夏季的有效洞口密度和有效洞口比率均显著高于秋季，分别为秋季的1.67倍和2.00倍，夏秋季性比偏向雌性，冬春季性比偏向雄性。黄兔尾鼠的生理状态亦呈现出明显的季节性特点，春季是其繁殖盛期，雌鼠的怀孕率和繁殖率在该时期最高，均为85.7%，而其余季节的怀孕率和繁殖率均在30.0%以下。同时成年雌雄鼠的肥满度、脾脏相对质量、肾上腺相对质量和繁殖器官相对质量在春季均达到最高，显著高于其余季节，代表其具有更好的营养状态以及更高的免疫力和应激水平。黄兔尾鼠在春季活跃的繁殖行为与其在该时期较好的生理状态一致，表明该鼠可周期性地调整生理与繁殖状态，以适应生境剧烈的季节变化，从而保证种群的延续。

Abstract:To investigate the seasonal variations in population parameters of the yellow stepped vole Eolagurus luteus, a prominent pest inhabiting the desert grasslands of northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, field populations were sampled in spring (April), summer (June), autumn (September) and winter (January) from Bayingou Pasture in Wusu. Results revealed significant seasonal fluctuations in population density and sex ratio of the yellow stepped vole. The number and ratio of active holes were significantly higher in summer compared with autumn, showing increases of 1.67 and 2.00 times, respectively. Sex ratios favored females in summer and autumn, while favoring males in winter and spring. Seasonal variations in the physiological status of the yellow stepped vole were evident, with peak breeding activity observed in spring. Female vole pregnancy and reproductive rates peaked during the spring at 85.7%, contrasting with rates below 30.0% in other seasons. Additionally, adult male and female voles exhibited peak level of fatness, relative spleen weight, relative adrenal gland weight and relative reproductive organ weight in spring, significantly surpassing levels in other seasons, indicating enhanced nutrition, immunity, and stress levels. The yellow stepped vole’s boosted reproductive behavior in spring corresponds with their improved physiological status in spring, implying a seasonal adoption of their physiological and reproductive status to environmental alterations and maintaining population stability.