给农业插上科技的翅膀：植保无人机低容量喷雾技术助力农药减施增效

Agriculture on the wings of science and technology: plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low-volume spraying technology reduces pesticide use and boosts control efficacy

中文关键词:植保无人机  低容量喷雾技术  农药减量  农药利用率提升  增效作用

keywords:plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle  low-volume spraying technology  reducing pesticide use  improving pesticide utilization  improving efficiency

中文摘要:十三五期间以植保无人机低容量施药技术为代表的现代航空植保产业发展迅速。科研协作研究与大量田间试验示范表明，采用植保无人机施药技术能够提高靶标作物上药液沉积量并减少农药流失，实现精准减量施药；同时能够解决地面机具无法作业时的病虫害防治问题。航空植保技术实现了人机分离作业，避免了农药中毒，降低了劳动强度，极大地提高了作业效率，达到减少农药使用量、提高农药利用率的目的。以水稻为对象，综述植保无人机在农药减量、水稻病虫害防效、技术简易性、农药利用率提升、水稻增产以及成本效益提升等发面发挥的作用。航空植保产业的迅速发展加快了植保无人机智能精准控制系统质量的提升和新技术的研发步伐，且植保无人机的普及性提出了飞防药剂、助剂和施药飘移风险控制技术研发的迫切需求，基于此进一步梳理总结了植保无人机低容量喷雾技术在农药减施增效中的作用和未来发展方向。

Abstract:Modern aviation industry for plant protection, represented by the low-volume pesticide application technology of plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), developed rapidly during the 13th Five-Year Plan period of China. A large number of scientific research and field trials showed that the use of plant protection UAV application technology could increase the deposition of pesticides on target crops and reduce the loss of pesticides, and thus achieve precise reduction in pesticide application, which help solve the pest control problem when ground machinery cannot be operated. Pesticide application technology of UAV is characterized by the separation of man and machine, avoiding the occurrence of pesticide poisoning, reducing labor intensity, and greatly improving work efficiency. It achieves the purpose of reducing pesticide use and improving pesticide utilization. This article takes rice as an example to summarize the role of plant protection UAV in pesticide reduction, rice disease and insect pest control, technology simplification, pesticide utilization, rice yield increase, and cost-benefit improvement. The rapid development of the aviation industry for plant protection has accelerated the quality improvement of plant protection unmanned aircraft intelligent precision control system and the pace of new technology research and development. The popularity of plant protection UAV has drawn forward an urgent need for the research and development of pesticide, adjuvants and pesticide application drift risk control technologies. This article further summarizes the role and future development direction of plant protection UAV low-volume spray technology in reducing pesticide application and increasing efficiency.