棉隆与淡紫拟青霉联合防治番茄根结线虫病的效果评价

Integrated control of root-knot nematode disease of tomato by dazomet and Paecilomyces lilacinus

中文关键词:生物防治  淡紫拟青霉  土壤熏蒸  根结线虫

keywords:biocontrol  Paecilomyces lilacinus  soil fumigation  root-knot nematode

中文摘要:为明确土壤熏蒸与生防微生物对番茄根结线虫病的联合作用效果，采用移栽前棉隆熏蒸处理后穴施淡紫拟青霉Paecilomyces lilacinus YES-2-14生防菌剂的方法在温室大棚开展了联合防治试验。结果表明，棉隆用量为35 g/m²时，24周拉秧时线虫数量减少90%以上，防效达到85.5%；移栽时穴施浓度10⁷～10⁸ CFU/g的淡紫拟青霉菌剂，24周拉秧时防效为44.4%～59.6%；而当线虫初始密度达到674头/100 g土时，单一菌剂防效只有12.5%，但番茄长势和产量显著提高。棉隆熏蒸后再联合施用淡紫拟青霉菌剂，2个月和5个月时防效比单一棉隆处理分别提高14.1%和21.8%，比单一菌剂处理提高14.3倍和4.1倍，产量较对照、棉隆熏蒸和单一菌剂处理分别提高22.1%、9.5%和2.4%，且该处理地块线虫数量始终最低，与对照差异显著，而淡紫拟青霉数量则高于单一淡紫拟青霉菌剂处理。表明棉隆和淡紫拟青霉菌剂联合使用不仅能显著降低线虫数量，有效防治番茄根结线虫病，还能够促进植株生长并提高产量。

Abstract:In order to study the integrated effect of fumigant and biocontrol agent on tomato root-knot nematode, dazomet and Paecilomyces lilacinus YES-2-14 was applied successively in protected greenhouse. When 35 g/m² of dazomet was used, the total number of nematodes in soil and on roots decreased by over 90% and the control efficiency reached 85.5% in 24 weeks after transplanting. For P. lilacinus, when applied in planting holes at concentrations of 10⁷-10⁸ CFU/g, the control efficacies were 44.4%-59.6% in 24 weeks after transplanting. However, the effect of the nematophagous fungus was only 12.5% at a high density of 674 juveniles/100 g soil; nevertheless, the treatment significantly improved plant growth and tomato yield. After soil fumigation with dazomet, followed by application of P. lilacinus agent in planting holes, the control efficacies increased by 14.1% and 21.8% in two and five months, respectively, compared to dazomet treatment alone, and it increased by 14.3 and 4.1 times compared to the treatment with fungal agent alone; tomato yield increased by 22.1%, 9.5% and 2.4% compared to the control, dazomet and YES-2-14 treatments, respectively. Consistent with above observations, the number of nematodes was the least and significantly different from the control throughout the growing season, while the population of P. lilacinus in rhizosphere soil was greater than that of the single biocontrol treatment. The results demonstrated that the integrated use of dazomet and P. lilacinus could inhibit nematode density, enhance control efficacy to root-knot nematode effectively, and promote the growth and yield of plant.